Smart, Mastr 杀马特,玛仕特
Exhibitionist: The Smart Gallery
Installation & live event, C5cnm space, Beijing, 2021









From ancient times to the present, hair has carried secret, rich meaning. “Hairstyle” can be expressed as a form of resistance of individuals to mainstream values, a “movable temporary device”, and a gesture and action that is better than a speech. In subcultural studies, playing with hair (making art) can also be seen as a form of shame, a sign of self-exile, and a symbol of tension between the dominant and subordinate groups.
The purpose of Exhibitionist Series is to break the boundaries of “daily display” and “art exhibition”, and to reduce the distance between the public and contemporary art. In our current hyper-connected society, people’s desire to “display” is everywhere- selfies, Insagram, Wechat, and in its most extreme form, live stream. As a global online culture with a fundamental desire to expose and to peep, Live Streams occupy a space where visual expression and textual feedback are instantly accessible. This live space parasitizes online spaces and becomes a way of displaying and self-expression for the new generation.
Exhibitionist: JinFeng Roller Skating Club
Installation &live evnet, Tank Shanghai, 2021




JOURNEYING WITH THE SMARTS
Event/ Documentary, Shanghai, 2022

Journeying with the Smarts is a participatory experimental documentary that maps the trajectory of my relationship and creative collaboration with Luo Fuxing. The film serves as a living, chronological archive of our practice, capturing our transition from early, tentative online field encounters to deep real-world collaborations. It structures our collaborative milestones across three key physical actions: the chemical-scented performative space of The Smart Gallery pop-up hair salon in Beijing’s 798 Art District, the nostalgic and neon-lit sensory recreation of the Jinfeng Roller Skating Club at Tank Shanghai, and the carnivalesque, public intervention of the Shanghai “Smart” One-Day Tour.
During the Shanghai One-Day Tour, we boarded a rented double-decker sightseeing bus, effectively repurposing a commercial tourist vehicle into a mobile, floating stage that traveled across iconic city landmarks. In these spaces, young migrant workers, subcultural veterans, and urban allies gathered together in a joyful flash mob. By putting on towering neon wigs, listening to high- volume “divine tunes,” and dancing retro shuffles together, the group turned highly gentrified commercial streets into a temporary sanctuary where this long-misunderstood, stigmatized subculture was finally openly celebrated and respected.
Participant wearing a Shamate-inspired outfit styled and assembled by Funa Ye, hairdressed by Luo Fuxing. The portrait documents the project’s use of costume, hair, and public appearance as tools for collective visibility and performative self-representation.

Shanghai “Smart” One-Day Tour, group portrait, 2021


One-day tour in Shanghai/ 2023. 2
Mastr

of transcripts of Shamate member interviews conducted by myself and collaborators. This text was then translated into Chinese Huoxingwen (火星文“Mars script”) is a stylised, semi-obscured form of online writing popular among Chinese youth in the 2000s, combining homophones, non-standard characters, symbols and multiple scripts to create playful forms of in-group communication and subcultural identity.

Mastr, You Are Marvelous!
Master, You Are Marvelous! is a performative video work that investigates the paradoxical relationship between artistic labor, mechanical labor, and the cultural figure of the “master.” Developed as part of my long-term engagement with the Sha Ma Te (SMART) community of rural migrant youth in China, the work stages an encounter between marginalized subcultural subjects and the so-called “masters” of the art world.
In collaboration with artist Wang Qingsong and local artisans in Jingdezhen, the film depicts a fictional scenario in which a “Master” and a group of flamboyantly styled Sha Ma Te youths arrive in a town known for its art. They visit established artists and artisans—figures who embody institutional prestige and official recognition. In the process, admiration, parody, and absurd intimacy blur the lines between subcultural “outsiders” and cultural elites.
This work critically examines the body politics of migrant labor. The Smart subculture originated among young factory workers on the urban peripheries, whose self-styling practices transformed the anonymity of mechanical labor into a carnivalesque assertion of presence. By placing these figures into dialogue with art-world “masters,” Mastr, You Are Marvelous! questions the mechanisms through which artistic labor is valorized, celebrated, and fetishized, while the material conditions of working-class laborers remain invisible or dismissed.
The project also plays on the multiple meanings of the word “Master.” In Chinese cultural discourse, it is both an honorific title for officially sanctioned artists and artisans, and a marker of elitism, authority, and intellectual hierarchy. In socialist rhetoric, “future masters” described the collective aspirations of children as the heirs of society. In global English, “master” also recalls the histories of domination, servitude, and property. By collapsing these meanings, the work destabilizes the boundaries between “high” and “low,” “elite” and “grassroots,” and asks who can claim mastery in the cultural field.
Through absurdist performance and visual parody, Mastr, You Are Marvelous! reveals the contradictions of how artistic labor is framed: at once exalted and abstracted, while other forms of labor—mechanical, affective, migrant—remain undervalued. It suggests that the celebration of the “Master” in art is itself a labor performance, one that masks systemic inequalities and exposes the precarious condition of cultural workers in both the factory and the gallery.
In the context of InVisible Culture’s issue on “(Un)Doing Labor,” this work proposes to see both Smart youth and young artisans as “Mastrs”—a deliberately misspelled identity that reclaims agency through irony. To be your own “Mastr” is to refuse the hierarchies of mastery and to reinvent the value of labor as collective creativity, absurd resistance, and critical play.





The MastrTM Concept China Store displayed more than ten ceramic pieces created in Jing- dezhen. In these works, refitted motorcycles—a recurring symbol of freedom, speed, and es- cape for Shamate youth—were painstakingly translated into the medium of elite porcelain.




Installation view of MASTR‘s CONCEPT STORE at Voyage UCCA Lab, Shanghai, 2021
MASTR, TAKE ME AWAY
Installation /Video Axilixi, Guizhou, 2022




Video, 14:11, 2021
Mastr, Take Me Away addresses how digital platform structures reshape rural geographical imaginations. Taking visual cues from the notorious Yunnan viral video Old Driver, Take Me Along, the film intertwines documentary interviews with staged music-video sequences. In the documentary segments, Miao villagers in rural Gui- zhou reflect on their personal aspirations and their desire to migrate toward urban areas. In the choreographed sequences, the villagers—wearing a hybrid combina- tion of traditional Miao attire and neon Shamate wigs—perform ecstatic dances around the Mastr Sun-God Parade Float.
@BEYOUROWNMASTR
Web / X Bot 2023


http://beurownmastr.com
Conceptual Spelling Play: Note on spellings: “Master” represents institutional artistic authority大师, whereas “Mastr”玛仕特 represents the shanzhai-style subverted brand. Both spellings are used intentionally to highlight this class friction.
In real life and online, the Shamate were systematically filtered out through automated algorithms and reporting campaigns. The @ beYourOwnMastr automated bot was created to contaminate this sanitized digital space by redistributing traces of Shamate into the permanent data records of global online activity.
The bot’s content was generated from a model trained on hours
of transcripts of Shamate member interviews conducted by myself and collaborators. This text was then translated into Chinese Huoxingwen (火星文“Mars script”), a stylised, semi-obscured form of online writing popular among Chinese youth in the 2000s, combining homophones, non-standard characters, symbols and multiple scripts to create playful forms of in-group communication and subcultural identity.
This text was paired with GAN-generated images to create an automated, non-stop stream of synthetic subcultural ghosts. Its eventual disruption during Twitter’s platform transition to X serves as an appropriate metaphor: as the platform’s corporate structures hardened, the hybrid digital spaces for marginal subcultures collapsed, leaving them adrift.
NEO-MASTR: A Post-Internet Folk Memorial
Website /Video 2022


Online platforms were once the ultimate safe space for the Shamate community, but aggressive online trolling, censorship, and account bans eventually forced them to retreat.
Neo-Mastr transformed the Mozilla virtual space into a “memory palace” dedicated to the histori- cal archaeology of the Shamate people. This project used GAN technology to deep-learn thousands of ethnic minority portraits and photos of Shamate selfies collected from the web to generate a group portrait as avatars of Neo- Mastr. Historically, Smarts as a community ex-
ist both online and offline: in real life, they are second-generation migrant workers who turn to extreme styling as a defense mechanism to assert their dignity. By staging this digital memorial, the project archives their “illogical, wild aesthetic disorder,” elevating their stigmatized digital folklore into a collective monument of avant-garde grassroots survival.


NEO-FOLK PARADISE
Installation/ Live event
798 Electronics Square, 798 Art District, Beijing. 2024

*Neo-folk Paradise* functions as a spatial manifesto for the aesthetic possibilities of China’s urban–rural fringe. Held during the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), this public intervention brought subcultural expression into dialogue with traditional folk festivities, testing the possibilities of Neo-folk Art through collective participation.
It featured customised “Mastr Parade Floats”— agricultural transport tricycles decorated with solar-powered LED garlands, synthetic wigs and flame decals—and a pop-up Mastr pavilion displaying and selling self-published zines and DIY wig kits.
The programme also included the “Shamate Grand Stage” (杀马特大舞台), where visitors could volunteer to perform so-called *tuwei* ( 土味, literally “earthy” or “rustic”) acts. Rather than positioning participants merely as objects of observation, the project sought to provide an inclusive platform where socially isolated urban youth and members of marginalised groups could gather, find release and present themselves on their own terms.
In the smaller-scale Beijing iteration, presented as a temporary pavilion, the intimate setting enabled sustained dialogue, reduced exposure to extractive or voyeuristic modes of looking, and fostered more reciprocal and caring forms of engagement.






The “Mastr Parade Float” in procession through the 798 Art District, with participants performing on board. Adapted from an agricultural transport tricycle in a Shamate style, the float circulated regularly through 798, recalling traditional Spring Festival street processions.

Neo-folk Paradise, Folk Culture, 798 Concerted Square, Beijing, 2024.



“Shanzhai Game山寨游戏” Interactive Playtest Site, 751 Art District, Beijing, May 2025.
MASTRLAND
Installation/ Live event, Ayunduocang, Guiyang 2024-2025







Mastrland was developed in collaboration with Dossier. It represents the absolute extreme
of “Hyper-Folk” and “State-Folk” spatial expansion, transforming an entire urban block in Ayunduocang into an immersive, game-based amusement park.
Over 30,000 visitors entered Mastrland on New Year’s Eve, navigating through localized interactive zones. Participants followed a six-stop route through the Mastrland environment, taking part in Shamate hairstyling, gaming, shopping, roller-skating performances, and the New Year’s Eve show while collecting stamps to complete the game. While the scale allowed for a triumphant, massive celebration of underclass aesthetics, it also revealed a critical paradox. In this massive playground, subcultural resistance was constantly threatened by the predatory logics of algorithmic tourism and internet platform metrics. The documentary video captures this exact tension: the fleeting, ecstatic joy of the crowd juxtaposed with the exhausted, silent faces of Shamate members backstage, raising urgent ethical questions about the limits of scale and the spectacle. Game script by Ye Funa; production and implementation by DOSSIER—an independent Guiyang creative collective dedicated to grassroots research.
MASTRLAND
Board game/Web game, 2026

Mastrland Board Game & Web Game is a playtestable remediation of the social relations governing China’s urban-rural fringe, translating subcultural precarity, digital capital, and structural labor constraints directly into cooperative and competitive gameplay.
The rules resemble Monopoly as players navigate various physical and digital zones (such as the Mastr Factory, Mingliu Salon, QQ Internet Café, and Jinfeng Roller Rink), but the ultimate objective is entirely subverted: instead of ac- cumulating private property and driving others into bankruptcy, players strive to accumulate Pai Mian (visible dignity and social capital) while managing their Stress Bricks (representing la- bor exhaustion and systemic precarity).
The physical edition uses 3D-printed hair- stacking pieces, custom dice, and action cards.





Playtest and Co-Creation Workshop at CAFA Xiaobailou小白楼 3F, Beijing, May 10, 2026

https://yefuna.github.io/mastrland
The web-based version, hosted responsively at https://yefuna.github.io/mastrland, replicates these core mechanics in a digital format. Optimised for both mobile and desktop screens, the web game allows users to easily experience the game’s satirical, fast-paced loops and digital tribalism, offering an immersive, cross-platform exercise in “standing up” within a precarious contemporary reality.
SMART QZONE
Web archive 2024


www.shamate.org



Installation view of TRANSFORM.ME, 4A Centre for Contemporary Asian Art, Sydney, 2024.


Installation View at Infinite Scroll 荧屏沉溺, Chau Chak Wing Museum, The University of Sydney (Sydney, Australia), 2025.09.27 – 2026.07.26